ASTHMA Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. During an asthma attack, the lining of the bronchial tubes swells, and the muscles around them tightens (constricts), causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air into and out of the lungs. Recurrent asthma symptoms frequently cause sleeplessness, daytime fatigue, reduced activity levels and school and work absenteeism. Some causes and triggers are common to all people with asthma, and some are more individual. Although the fundamental causes of asthma are not completely understood, the strongest risk factors for developing asthma are inhaled asthma triggers. Triggers for Asthma Indoor allergens (for example house dust mites in bedding, carpets and stuffed furniture, pollution and pet dander) Outdoor allergens (such as pollens and moulds) Tobacco smoke Chemical irritants in the workplace Other triggers can include cold air, extreme emotional arousal such as anger or fear, and physical exercise. In some people, asthma can even be triggered by certain medications, such as aspirin and other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and beta-blockers (which are used to treat high blood pressure, heart conditions and migraine headaches. Treatment Most people with persistent asthma use a combination of long-term control medications and quick-relief medications, taken with a hand-held inhaler If your asthma symptoms are triggered by airborne allergens, such as pollen or pet dander, you may also need allergy treatment such as immunotherapy (allergy shots) You may need to try a few different medications before you find what works best Because asthma changes over time, you will need to work with your doctor to monitor your symptoms and learn how to make needed adjustments